Concrete deep water structure (Condeep / مروری بر پروژه سکوی ثقلی

این فیلم مراحل ساخت سکوی ثقلی را نشان می دهد.

The film shows the construction of the gravity platform

All text and change the color to use to download it

دانلود / Download                                                                             

سکوی کیسونی، ثقلی ، وزنی 

این سکوهــا به نام سکو کیسونی معروف هستند. سکوهای  نفـــتی بـرای اولیــن بار در سال 1973 در دریــای شـــمال سـاخته و نصــب شدند. این سکوها ترکیبی از سازه فلزی و بتنی هستند. استوانه‌های متعدد زیر سکو که بر روی کف دریا نشسته‌اند از نوع  بتونی بوده و مخازن ذخیره نفت آنها هم ،طریق ساخت آن در این فیلم نشان داده می شود قبلا درباره قالب لعرزنده مطالبی نوشته ام همانند آن است با توجه به توضیحات که داده شده نوبت ارایه این فلیم می باشد برای اول بار در وبلاگ دنیای سازه های دریایی این فیلم ارایه می گردد.

پروژه Gullfaks C  به صورت EPC اجرا شده و کارفرمای آن استات اویل بوده این سازه بزرگترین سازه دریایی می باشد  Gullfaks C در دریا شمال واقع است و این منطقه دارای ذخایر عظیم نفت وگاز می باشد به به صورت بلوک نام گذاری شده است Gullfaks C  برای عمق 220 متر طراحی شده است دستاور های بزرگ این سازه طراحی پمپ های برای پمپاژه بتن برای توزیع حجم بتن با قابلیت بیشتر طراحی این سازه در نسل های بعدی برای عمق 300 با شرایط آب و هوای طوفانی این سازه  Concrete deep water structure condeep 

Gravity Based Structure  (GBS)    در دریا شمال دارای 14 تا سازه   Condeep (سکوی کیسونی می باشد.در مورد حوضچه خشکن و حوضچه چرخش ماه های بعد توضیح خواهدم داد.

سکوها کیسونی که ساخت شده است به شکل های زیر در محل مورد نظر

چند نمونه از آزماش های غیر مخرب برای بتن سکوی ثقلی

Some examples of non-destructive testing for concrete gravity platform

1.      آزمایش هافسل: پتانسیل خوردگی

2.      RCPT تعیین سرعت نفوذ یون کلر

3.      التراسونیک شناسایی ترک، ابعاد اعضاء و تخلل بتن

4.      تعیین شدت خوردگی : تعیین شدت خوردگی آرماتور در بتن و امکان سنجی خوردگی در آینده

5.      آمایش انعکاس ضربه برای شناخت ماهیت بتن

6.       انعکاس ضربه برای معلوم کردن کلفتی بتن

7.      کاربردهای سر هم رادار، انعکاس ضربه و انعکاس فراصوتی برای ارزیابی ساختارهای بتن پس از کشیده شدن است.

8.      غواص ها سازه بتونی را زیر آب را معاینه می کنند در صورت که سازه سایش یا صدمه دیده باشد، ترمیم شود.

9.      اندازه سرعت فراصوتی می تواند به صورت یک ابزار کیفیت در طی سازه استفاده شود و همچنین آمایش فراصوتی می تواند برای بازرسی ضمن خدمات سازه

10.  اشعه ایکس، توموگرانی را برای تعیین تکثیر شکاف در بتن مورد استفاده قرار می دهد.

11.  اشعه ایکس، توموگرافی را برای تعیین درصد و توزیع نامعلوم در بتن به شمار می آورد.

12.  تحلیل فعال سازه جدیدتر و بیرنگ گاما برای تعیین شناسه های متمرکز و عمق کارید بتن

13.  فن اندازه گیری پراکندگی نوترون در آبپوشی سیمان مورد استفاده است.

Gullfaks

The first discovery in the area, the Gullfaks oil field, is located on Block 34/10, roughly 109 miles (175 kilometers) from Bergen, Norway. The field is in water depths of 427 to 722 feet (130 to 220 meters) in the Tampen area. Recoverable reserves are estimated at 2 billion barrels of oil.

The field's reservoir consists of Middle Jurassic sandstones in the Brent group, and lower Jurassic and Upper Triassic sandstones in the Cook, Statford and Lunde formations. The reservoir is located in 5,577 to 6,562 feet (1,700 and 2,000 meters) below the seafloor.

The field was discovered in 1978; And soon after, the original plan for development and operation of Gullfaks included the Gullfaks A and B facilities (GFA and GFB). The Gullfaks C (GFC) facility was approved in 1985.

platforms with concrete gravity bases, Gullfaks A and B. The platforms have a

similar technology and design as the Statfjord platforms. These were developed

before the Gullfaks platforms by Mobil who developed the Statfjord field and

operated it for an agreed period of time after which operation was transferred to Statoil. Production from the Gullfaks A platform came on stream in late 1986, 7 months before planned, while production from the B platform started in early 1988, 9 months before planned.

The Gullfaks A platform is an integrated drilling, processing, storage and accommodation platform, while the B platform is a simpler drilling and wellhead platform. Gullfaks A is positioned at a sea depth of 130 meters

Phase 2 of the Gullfaks project involved the construction and installation of the

Gullfaks C platform. It is a condeep platform of the same type as Gullfaks A, but

since it is positioned at a depth of 220 meters, its concrete substructure is much larger.

Phase 2 came on stream in November 1989. The Gullfaks C platform contains a

control center for aircraft and vessel traffic to the entire Gullfaks field.

The world’s largest CONDEEP, Gullfaks C, will be installed in the North Sea this summer. During 3.5 years of design and construction work, there has been a number of developments with regard to construction and offshore technology. These improvements will be of significant importance for the development of the next generation of concrete offshore structures for water depths of 300 m and more, and for extreme environmental conditions as those present in the subarctic. The project consists of three production platforms Gullfaks A (1986), Gullfaks B (1988), and Gullfaks C (1989) Gullfaks C sits 217 metres (712 ft) below the waterline.

The height of the total structure measured from the sea floor is 380 metres (1,250 ft) making it taller than the Eiffel Tower.

Condeep

Eleven of the 14 concrete facilities installed on the Norwegian shelf are Condeep facilities.

Condeep (Concrete deep water structure) is a concrete, gravity based facility resting on the seabed. An overview of Condeep facilities is provided in Table 1. The last of these facilities built, and the largest of the Condeep-type, is Troll A. The facility stands in 302 metres of water, has a total height of 472 metres and a concrete jacket measuring 369 meters. This is the tallest concrete facility for petroleum production ever delivered anywhere.

The two first Condeep facilities were not designed for removal, while the following nine are (see Table 1). All are equipped with skirts that extend down into the seabed under each cell. The skirts on Troll A measure 36 metres, while the skirts on the earlier facilities extended 22 metres down. The cavities between the cells and the seabed are filled with concrete

جمع کردن جرثقیل برجی/Dismantling of Tower Cranes

این انیمیشن مراحل جمع شدن جرثقیل برجی (تاور کرن) بعد از اتمام کار را نشان می دهد

The animation of tower cranes congregate after finishing the show

All text and change the color to use to download it

دانلود / Download                                                                                        

نصب جرثقیل برجی (تاور کرن)/ Installation of tower cranes

این انیمیشن مراحل نصب جرثقیل برجی از نوع کله قندی آن می باشد

This is the animation of the conical tower crane installation process

All text and change the color to use to download it

دانلود/Downlaod                                                                    

Steps steel oil tanks/مراحل اجرایی مخازن فولادی جهت انبار نفتی

این فیلم مراحل ساخت و ساز مخازن نفتی را نمایش می دهد.

This video shows the construction of reservoirs oil storage tank

All text and change the color to use to download it

دانلود/ Download         

در جا های مخازن بتنی و فلزی در فراساحل ساخته می شود حتما باید شمع کوبی یا شمع به صورت در جا استفاده شود اگر به صورت بستر سازی اجرا شود حتما مخازن بعد از چند سال نشست می کند و باعث خسارت می شود.

FPSO Operation in PSVM/عملکرد FPSO در سواحل آنگولا

 این انیمیشن عملکردFPSOرا در  پروژه  PSVM در سواحل آنگولا در اقیانوس  اطلس جنوبی را نشان می دهد.نوع دوم FPSO هست سیستم بیرون از کشتی قرار دارد.

The animation function FPSO in The project PSVM shows in the South Atlantic off the coast of Angola

All text and change the color to use to download it. thank you Bijan Mohammadi

دانلود/ Download                                                                         

قرارداد این نوع پروژه به صورت (EPCI) است در پایان به طور مفصل اشاره خواهم کرد.

PlutaoSaturno Venus Marte نام4 محل های از 31 بلوک است که در زیر اقیانوس اطلس جنوبی نفت از آنجا استخراج به عمل می آید. دارای ظرفیت پردازش 157000 بشکه نفت در روز با ظرفیت ذخیره سازی از 6/1 میلیون بشکه نفت است. همچنین قادر به پردازش 245 میلیون فوت مکعب در روز گاز می باشد.

قرارداد های که در کارهای نفتی و پتروشیمی کاربرد زیادی دارد.

قرارداد EPC چیست؟   /What is EPC Contract 

این نوع قراردادها معمولا برای پروژه های عظیم و یا با تکنولوژی بالا منعقد می گردد. در این قراردادها طراحی، مهندسی، تدارکات واجرا همگی به یک مجموعه واگذار می شود.

قرارداد با لحاظ نوع قیمت بر اساس بر آورد کلی با قیمت مقطوع

قرارداد کلید در دست Turn Key چیست؟ /what is turn key contract

قرارداد کلید در دست Turn Key یکی از انواع قراردادهای بر آورد کلی قرارداد کلید در دست است. روش کلید در دست مسئولیت طراحی و اجرا را به طور کامل به پیمانکار واگذار می کند بگونه ای که بعد از تکمیل پروژه، کارفرما فقط با چرخاندن یک کلید و بدون هیچ اقدام دیگری بتواند بهره برداری از پروژه اجرا شده را آغاز نماید.

تلفیق مسئولیت های طراحی با اجرا همچنین امکان کاهش زمان کلی تکمیل پروژه یا به عبارتی اجرای سریع Track Construction Fast را فراهم می کند. در این حالت کارفرما یا مشاورین او فقط در فرآیند مناقصه و نظارت عالیه بر کار پیمانکار دخالت خواهند داشت. کلید در دست نهایت سپردن مسئولیت طراحی و اجرا به یمانکار  را بیان می کند. بنابر این در مشکلات احتمالی نیازی نیست که مشخص شود آیا این مشکل به دلیل ضعف بوده یا از اجرای نادرست ناشی شده است و به عنوان یک قانون کلی، هر عیب و نقصی که در محدوده تعریف شده کار رخ دهد پیمانکار مسئول آن خواهد بود.

Description

Located on Block 31 in the ultra-deepwaters of Angola, the PSVM project is a hub field development that will produce from the Plutao, Saturno, Venus and Marte oil fields. Comprising the northeast sector of the license about 249 miles (400 kilometers) from Luanda and in waters measuring 6,562 feet (2,000 meters), PSVM is the first of four planned development projects on Block 31.With waters ranging from 4,921 to 8,202 feet (1,500 to 2,500 meters) deep, Block 31 spans 1.3 million acres (5,349 square kilometers). Acquired in 1999, BP serves as operator of Block 31 with a 26.7% interest. Project partners include ExxonMobil with 25%, Sonangol with 20%, Statoil with 13.33%, Marathon with 10% and TEPA with 5%. Sonangol also serves as concessionaire of the block

Block 31 Discoveries

Plutao, Saturno, Marte and Venus

The first discovery on Block 31, Plutao was drilled in September 2002 by the Leiv Eiriksson semisub in 6,627 feet (2,020 meters) of water. Reaching a total depth of 13,357 feet (4,100 meters), the discovery well tested at a daily rate of 5,357 bopd.The second discovery made on the block in July 2003, is the Saturno oil field. which was drilled by the Leiv Eiriksson in 5,919 feet (1,804 meters) of water. Located 9 miles (14 kilometers) northeast of the Plutao well, Saturno-1 was drilled to a total depth of 15,443 feet (4,707 meters) and tested at a rate of 5,000 bopd

In November 2003, Marte was the third discovery made on Block 31, approximately 12 miles (20 kilometers) from the previous wells. Drilled to a total depth of 13,757 feet (4,193 meters) in 6,562 feet (2,000 meters) of water, Marte-1 flowed at a rate of 5,200 bopd in tests.Drilled in June 2004 in waters measuring 6,562 feet (2,000 meters), Venus was the fourth discovery made on Block 31. Located 7 miles (11 kilometers) from Saturno, Venus encountered three oil-bearing reservoirs

PSVM Field Development

In an effort to develop the entire block efficiently, the project development has been standardized, including the design, fabrication and commissioning. Authorized by Sonangol in July 2008, the field development plan for PSVM encompasses 48 subsea wells (including production and water- and gas-injection wells) connected to 15 manifolds, and 106 miles (170 kilometers) of flowlines and 59 miles (95 kilometers) of control umbilicals linking the production to a converted FPSO.

Halliburton was chosen to provide well completions services for PSVM, including upper and lower completions equipment, downhole flow control, and drilling and completions fluids.

Future Development

Comprising four of the 16 discoveries on the highly proficient block, PSVM is the first of four planned development projects for the license. With plans for more than 150 production wells over the license, Block 31 is being developed in phases. Project partners have standardized the Block 31 development concept in an effort to bring all of the fields into production more quickly. In effect, the other three development plans should closely mirror that of PSVM (aka a subsea development linked to an FPSO), and multiple contractors on the PSVM project have been tapped for the next three projects. For example, Subsea 7 signed a contract for call-off services on all four of the developments, as well as Heerema and Halliburton.

Currently in the planning stage, the next project will incorporate the fields in the southeast area of Block 31, which include Palas, Ceres, Juno, Astraea and Hebe. Another group of fields are clustered in the northwest section of the block. These fields include Urano, Titania, Terra, Portia, Miranda and Cordelia. The 16th discovery, Dione is located in the southern section of Block 31

Status History   Download

PSVM FPSO

Under Construction - Jul 31, 2008 to Dec 2012

Currently being converted from a tanker, the double-hulled PSVM FPSO will have a storage capacity of 1.6 MMbo and a processing capacity of 157,000 bopd. The production facilities aboard the vessel include oil separators, gas injection/gas lift equipment and water injection equipment. Being built to operate for 20 years without the need to dry-dock, the vessel will house a SOFEC external turret mooring system for mooring in waters 2,000 meters deep. First oil is expected in 2011

Venus

Under Development - Jul 2008 to Dec 2012

Called the PSVM project, Venus is being developed with nearby Block 31 fields Plutao, Saturno and Marte. Authorized by Sonangol in July 2008, the field development plan for PSVM encompasses 48 subsea wells (including production and water- and gas-injection wells) connected to 15 manifolds, and 106 miles (170 kilometers) of flowlines and 59 miles (95 kilometers) of control umbilicals linking the production to a converted FPSO. Production is expected in 2011

Exploratory Drilling - Jun 2004 to Jun 2004

Drilled in June 2004 in waters measuring 6,562 feet (2,000 meters), Venus was the fourth discovery made on Block 31. Located 7 miles (11 kilometers) from Saturno, Venus encountered three oil-bearing reservoirs

Marte

Under Development - Jul 2008 to Dec 2012

In a project named PSVM, Marte is being developed with nearby Block 31 fields Plutao, Saturno and Venus. Authorized by Sonangol in July 2008, the field development plan for PSVM encompasses 48 subsea wells (including production and water- and gas-injection wells) connected to 15 manifolds, and 106 miles (170 kilometers) of flowlines and 59 miles (95 kilometers) of control umbilicals linking the production to a converted FPSO. Production is expected in 2011

Discovery (Drilled) - Nov 2003 to Nov 2003

In November 2003, Marte was the third discovery made on Block 31, approximately 12 miles (20 kilometers) from the previous wells. Drilled to a total depth of 13,757 feet (4,193 meters) in 6,562 feet (2,000 meters) of water, Marte-1 flowed at a rate of 5,200 bopd in tests

Saturno

Under Development - Jul 2008 to Dec 2012

Called the PSVM project, Saturno is being developed with nearby Block 31 fields Plutao, Marte and Venus. Authorized by Sonangol in July 2008, the field development plan for PSVM encompasses 48 subsea wells (including production and water- and gas-injection wells) connected to 15 manifolds, and 106 miles (170 kilometers) of flowlines and 59 miles (95 kilometers) of control umbilicals linking the production to a converted FPSO. First oil is expected in 2011. The second discovery made on Block 31 in July 2003, the Saturno oil field was drilled by the Leiv Eiriksson in 5,919 feet (1,804 meters) of water. Located 9 miles (14 kilometers) northeast of the Plutao well, Saturno-1 was drilled to a total depth of 15,443 feet (4,707 meters) and tested at a rate of 5,000 bopd

Plutao

Called the PSVM project, Plutao is being developed with nearby Block 31 fields Marte, Venus and Saturno. Authorized by Sonangol in July 2008, the field development plan for PSVM encompasses 48 subsea wells (including production and water- and gas-injection wells) connected to 15 manifolds, and 106 miles (170 kilometers) of flowlines and 59 miles (95 kilometers) of control umbilicals linking the production to a converted FPSO. Production is expected to commence in 2011

نگاهی به FPSO در اقیانوس های خروشان  دانلود