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اسکاتلند در تسخیر انرژی های پاک
اسکاتلند
با مردم و حیوانات مهیج و مکانهای دیدنی
اسکاتلند به تازگی بزرگترین مرزعه بادی شناور جهان را راه اندازی و ادعا کرده که برق تولید شده از آن انرژی مورد نیاز 10 هزار خانوار را تأمین خواهد کرد.اسکاتلند با راه اندازی مرزعه بادی شناور رسماً کار خود را برای تولید انرژی پاک آغاز کرده و تصد دارد در فاز دوم 20 هزار خانواد را تحت پوشش خود قرار دهد. نیکولا استورجن،نخست وزیر اسکاتلند،این پروژه را که "های ویند"(Hywind ) نام دارد،رسماً افتتاح کرد.این مرزعه شامل توربین هایی به ارتفاع 253 متر است که 78 متر زیر سطح آب قرار دارند.هر توربین عظیم با زنجیرهای سنگینی به وزن 1323 تن به کف دریا بسته شده اند.کل سیستم نصب شده حدود 30 مگا وات برق را به شبکه محلی اضافه خواهد کرد.این پروژه نقطه قوت 15 سال فعالیت شرکت نروژی"استات اویل" است.
اسکاتلند در چند ماه اخیر
گام های بزرگی در زمینه تولید انرژی پاک برداشته است و قصد دارد که تا سال 2020 با
تأمین انرژی هایش از منابع پاک،به کشوری با "کربن
صفر" تبدیل شود.
Calliper: tool for checking casing in a well for deformation
CALM: Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring
Calorific value: Quantity of heat produced by complete combustion of a unit weight of a material
Cantilevered jack up: Jack up drilling unit where the drill rig is mounted on two cantilevers
CAPEX: Capital expenditure
Cap rock: A relatively impermeable rock, that forms a barrier or seal above and around reservoir rock
Casing: Large-diameter pipe lowered into an open hole and cemented in place
Catenary: The natural curve assumed by a chain or cable suspended between two points (e.g.an anchor chain)
cc: Cubic centimeter (cm3)
CBM: Coal bed Methane, natural gas extracted from coal
CCR: Central Control Room
CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage
Cellar deck: Deck beneath the working floor of a drilling rig or below the main deck of an offshore platform
Centipoise (cP): A unit of measurement for viscosity
Check valve: A mechanical device that permits fluid to flow or pressure to act in one direction only
Choke: Device incorporating an orifice that is used to control fluid flow rate or downstream system pressure
Christmas tree (Xmas Tree): The set of valves, spools and fittings connected to the top of a well to direct and control the flow of formation fluids from the well
Clastic Rock: Rock which has been formed from sediment of other rocks e.g. sandstone, shale, conglomerates, etc.
Cloud Point: The temperature at which a solution of a surfactant or glycol starts to form micelles (molecular agglomerates)
CNG: Compressed Natural Gas
Co2: Carbon dioxide
Coal Bed Methane (CBM): Natural gas extracted from coal beds
Coal Seam Gas (CSG): Natural gas extracted from coal beds
Concession: A grant extended by a government to permit a company to explore for and produce oil, gas or mineral resources in an area or block
Condensate: Low density, high API gravity liquid hydrocarbon phase that generally occurs in association with natural gas
Conductor casing: Generally the first string of casing in a well
Conductor pipe: The casing string that is usually put into the well first, particularly on land wells, to prevent the sides of the hole from caving into the wellbore
Coning: The change in oil-water contact or gas-oil contact profiles as a result of drawdown pressures during production
Continental shelf: The area at the edge of a continent from the shoreline to a depth of 200m, where the continental slope begins
Conventional: A reservoir in which buoyant forces keep hydrocarbons in place below a sealing caprock.
Core: To deepen the wellbore by way of collecting a cylindrical sample of rock
Coring: The process of cutting a vertical, cylindrical sample of the formations
Cp: Centipoise, A unit of measurement for viscosity (See Centipoise)
CPF: Central Processing Facility
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CRA: Corrosion Resistant Alloy
Cretaceous: Rock formed in the last period of the Mesozoic era, between the Jurassic and the Tertiary periods, during which chalk deposits were formed.
Crude Oil: A general term for unrefined petroleum or liquid petroleum
CSG: Coal Seam Gas. Natural gas extracted from coal beds
Cuttings: Small pieces of rock that break away due to the action of the bit teeth
آب شدن یخ های گریلند
سطح آب دریاها را بین سالهای 2003 تا 2016 میلادی،8 سانتیمتر افزایش داده است سرعت آب شدن یخ ها گرینلند،نسبت به سال 2003 میلادی،4 برابر شده است
سرعت آب شدن یخ های قطب جنوب،در 40 سال گذست 6 برابر شده است.