Animation Single buoy mooring or single point mooring with full details/انیمیشن بویه مهاری تک با جزئیات کامل

این انیمیشن طریقه نصب و راه اندازی بویه مهاری تک یا مهاری تک نقطه را جزئیات کامل نشان می دهد.

This animation single buoy mooring or single point mooring mode installation show detail.

متاسفانه اسمی که برای این سازه سازمان بنادر دریا نوردی در آیین نامه کارهای دریایی ایران و همچنین واژه نامه سازه های ساحلی معاونت برنامه ریزی و نظارت راهبری رییس جمهوری  نشریه شماره 628 انتخاب کردن به نظر دارای مشکلات است اگر من این سازه ترجمه می کنم  با تمام واژه نامه فارسی باشد اگر من اسمی را برای سازه انتخاب می کنم با توجه به کارکرد آن انتخاب می کنم نه که دور هم بشنیم مهاربند بکنم مهاری بعدش هم خود این واژه نامه را به انگلیسی ترجمه کنیم یک چیز دیگر باشد هرچند واژه یک سازه فراساحلی است.

Buoy  یعنی جسم شناور، روآبی، رهنما شناور اگر من برای این سازه اسم انتخاب می کردم  اسم فعلی نبود.

بویه مهاری تک یا مهاربند تک نقطه ای چیست؟

این سازه که در عمق های بالای 15 متری نصب می شود عمومآ برای  تخلیه و  بارگیری نفت و گاز به عنوان یک پایانه نفتی برای نفتکش ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. هدف اصلی این سازه شناور انتقال مایعات و گاز از ساحل به فراساحل می باشد . همانطور که در این انیمیشین ملاحظه خواهید کرد در کنار سکوهای نفتی از این سازه برای بارگیری استفاده می شود .

نکته مهمی که باید در طراحی زنجیر مهاری ها مورد استفاده باید قرار گیرد سازه زنجیر مهاری باید با روش مناسب به گونه ارزیابی گردد که زنجیرها قادر به نگهداری جسم شناور در محل خود به طور ایمن تحت اعمال بزرگترین بار باشد .بزرگترین بار نیروهای خارجی که در طراحی نقش مهمی دارند.  برای نیروهای خارجی ، از بین ترکیب بارهای زیر که بزرگترین نیروی کل را ارایه دهد، استفاده می گررد.

1-      نیروی عکس العمل ضربه گیر و نیروی جریان  کهکشان و مهکشان (جزر ومد)

2-      نیروی طناب مهاری کشتی و نیروی جریان کهکشان و مهکشان

3-      نیروی موج و نیروی جریان کهکشان و مهکشان

بویه مهاری از نظر سازه ای به سه دسته تقسیم می شود که شامل :

1-      وزنه ای 2-  لنگر زنجیری 3- ترکیب وزنه و لنگر زنجیری می باشد.

Mooring buoy is structurally divided into three categories which include:1Sinker type mooring buoy. 2- Anchor chain type mooring buoys. 3- Sinker and anchor chain type mooring buoys

جزئیات عمومی بویه های مهاری/Details of mooring buoy

What is  a Single buoy mooring(SBM) Or Single point mooring (SPM

A Single buoy mooring (SBM) (also known as single point mooring or SPM) is a loading buoy anchored offshore, that serves as a mooring point and interconnect for tankers loading or offloading gas or liquid products

SPMs are the link between geostatic subsea manifold connections and weathervaining tankers. They are capable of handling any size ship, even very large crude carriers (VLCC) where no alternative facility is available

Its constituent companies started their offshore activities in the early 1950s and SBM subsequently became a pioneer in single point mooring (SPM) systems. The Single Point Mooring concept originated in the 1960´s as a solution to the problem of transferring crude oil from an onshore reception facility or refinery into very large crude carriers oil tankers

The main purpose of the buoy is to transfer liquids between onshore or offshore facilities and the moored tanker

There are a number of types of facilities presently used to load or off-load tankers in open water. These include Sea Islands; spread moorings, single point mooring structures and single buoy moorings. Of these, the single buoy mooring has been most frequently installed to service today's very large tankers

The popularity of the single buoy mooring stems from the fact that it can be installed at almost any offshore location where deep water is relatively close to shore. Water depth can be selected to suit any required tanker draft. Nearly the only limitation is that the buoy must be installed a safe distance from shoal water that could constitute a danger to the tanker while mooring or unmooring

The submarine pipeline and single buoy mooring system, shown schematically in Figure 1, consist of a submarine pipeline from the onshore tank farm, a bottom manifold at the end of the submarine pipeline, underbody hose connecting the bottom manifold with the buoy, the buoy itself, and one or more strings of floating hose between the buoy and the tanker. When moored to the buoy, the tanker can rotate or weathervane to minimize the combined force of wind, wave and current

The submarine pipeline and single buoy mooring system was first put into use in 1959. Since that time there has been a continuous increase in the number of single buoy mooring installations around the world. (Figure 2

این آمارها برای سال 1970 می باشد/ The statistics is for 1970

Recent tabulations show a total of 46 installations located in 23 different countries (Figure 3

Most of the installations put into service since 1965 have been designed for 100,000 dwt tankers or larger. Early next year a buoy designed to service 350,000 dwt tankers will be commissioned

During the decade that the single buoy moorings have been in use there have been only a few relatively small oil spills associated with their operation. Because of the increasing popularity of the submarine pipeline and single buoy mooring system and its use for ever large tankers, it is extremely important that designs be adequate and operation be carefully controlled

یک نگاه به کاربرد بویه مهاری تک که در منطقه خلیج فارس قرارداد.

Use single buoy mooring contract in the Persian Gulf region

Major Saudi Arabian Offshore Oil Fields. Oil export terminals are indicated with reddish dots

The largest oil exporting terminal in the world is located on the Ras Tanura peninsula and is capable of loading over 5 million barrels of oil per day onto tankers moored on one of two T-shaped terminals (small vessels only) or on one of a cluster of four Sea Islands located offshore in deeper water. The limit for tankers berthed at the Sea Islands is 550,000 dwt (dead-weight tons

The Al Juaymah Offshore Terminal is located to the northwest of Ras Tanura, just east of the Qatif oil field as shown below. The Qatif field lies both on and off shore, with several offshore platforms positioned to drill and maintain offshore wells. Oil is loaded onto tankers from Single Point Moorings (SPMs) anchored in deeper water such that larger ships can be handled (up to 700,000 dwt). It has been in operation since 1974. The Al Juaymah complex also includes a pier from which liquified natural gas (LNG) is loaded onto ships

Oil is similarly delivered from shore in underwater pipeline to a platform, distributed to the SPMs and then transferred to the tanker via large flexible hoses connecting them to the SPM. There are six SPMs at Al Juaymah, which can theoretically output six million barrels per day and has been in operation as early as the 1970s. In a 2005 Google Earth satellite image, I can only find two SPMs, although others might be present in low resolution images

Shown below is a close up of the darker tanker from above receiving oil. There are two "hoses" attached to this tanker, whereas there are three attached to the other. I haven't found anything recent on loading rates, although SPE 4013-MS suggests that each (in the late 1970s) was designed for a flow of at 130,000 barrels per hour but averaged only half that in practice