Drilling Engineering,J.J.Azar & G.Robello Samuel,Pennwell,2007

این کتاب درباره مهندسی حفاری یک رشته چالش برانگیز و پیچیده نفت است. در زمینه فن آوری در دو ده گذشته این پیشرفت ها اجازه می دهد صنعت نفت در سراسر جهان از لحاظ اقتصادی و موفقیت بهره برداری حوزه نفت و گاز بهتر عمل شود.

دکتر آذر استاد ممتاز دانشگاه تولسا وباز نشسته مهندسی نفت است.او در دانشگاه در سال 1965 به عنوان استادیار در رشته مکانیک /مهندسی هوا فضا و در سال 1975 به پیشنهاد رشته مهندسی نفت و به عنوان استاد کامل مدیر  دانشگاه تولسا انتخاب شد و در سال 1996 به عنوان ریئس گروه مهندسی نفت نایل گردد، در سال 2002 دکتر آذر رسما از دانشگاه بازنشسته شدبه دنبال فعالیت های خود در آموزش و مشاوره خدمت کرد. استاد آذر یک مدرس دانشگاه مشهور جهان و محقق در رشته مهندسی حفاری است .او در تمام شرکت های بزرگ نفتی و گازی در سراسر جهان کار کرده است دارای 4 کتاب درسی و بیش از 60 مقاله علمی و همچنین بیش از 100 سخنرانی در جلسات فنی و حرفه ای داشته است. او به پیشنهاد یکی از دانشگاه های دوحه قطر در سال 2004 دعوت شد و در آنجا سخنرانی کرد او به عنوان یک عضو  مشورتی هیات تحریری دریایی می باشد بخشی از کتاب ایشان در زمینه حفاری دریایی می باشد.

دکتر Robrello مشاور ارشد فنی حفاری او دارای بیش از 18 سال تجربه در زمینه نفت و گاز یکی از مهارت های او برنامه ریزی ، طراحی ، برآورد هزینه ، نظارت حفاری و تکمیل عملیات، پرسنل و بررسی فنی ، نوآوری ایشان همچنین استاد دانشگاه و مدیر عامل شرکت هالی برتون و بالا تفگ حفاری در سال 1983تا 1992 به عنوان مهندس حفاری در یک شرکت نفت و گاز طبیعی مشغول به کار بوده است

This book Drilling Engineering,J.J.Azar & G.Robello Samuel,Pennwell,2007

Drilling engineering is a challenging discipline in the oil patch. It goes beyond what is found in textbooks

The technological advances in the past two decades have been very significant. These  advances  have

  allowed  the  oil  industry worldwide  to  economically  and  successfully exploit oil and gas fields that may have not been possible before

Dr. J. J. Azar , PhD, PE, SPE, NAE, is a professor emeritus of Petroleum Engineering at  the University of Tulsa. He  joined the university  in 1965 as an assistant professor  in Mechanical/ Aerospace  Engineering, and  was promoted  to  associate professor in 1969. In 1975, he joined the Petroleum EngineeringDepartment as full professor and  Director  of  the  University of Tulsa Drilling Research Projects, a  joint oil and gas  industry research program. In 1996, he stepped down from the directorship to devote full time to teaching and writing. He served as acting chairman of the Petroleum Engineering Department in 2001. Dr.Azar officially retired from the University May 31, 2002, to pursue his own activities in teaching and consulting. Professor Azar  is a world-renowned lecturer and researcher in drilling engineering. As a director of drilling research, he is credited with building one  of  the most  comprehensive  and  top  drilling  engineering  curricula  in  the  Department  of Petroleum Engineering at the University of Tulsa, worldwide. He has led his graduate students to pioneering research work in areas of cuttings transport in directional well drilling, drilling fluids hydraulics, drill bit, and drill string dynamics. He is closely associated and worked with all major oil and gas companies across the globe. His contributions to the advancement of drilling technology through teaching, research, and publications  are  notable. He  is  the  author  and/or  coauthor  of four textbooks and more than 60 publications in refereed technical journals. He has given more than 100 presentations at technical meetings and professional functions. He has been invited as keynote speaker at

several technical conferences. Professor Azar was a participant speaker at the Advances  in Drilling Technologies” workshop organized by  the U.S. National Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences. In 2004, he was invited by the University of Chicago to be session leader and group facilitator on Materials science conference held in Doha, Qatar. He has served as a member of the SPE Education and Professionalism Technical Committee, SPE Student Chapter adviser, SPE Career Guidance and Student Development Committee, Technical reviewer, Committee  Chairman/Member  on  the  “SPE  Distinguished  Achievement  Award  for  Petroleum Engineering  Faculty,” Committee Chairman/Member  on  the  “AIME Mineral  Industry Education Award” and Member of Editorial Advisory Board of Offshore

Dr.  Azar  received  the  1998  SPE  Drilling  Engineering  Award  and  the  1997  SPE  Distinguished Achievement  Award  for  Petroleum  Engineering  Faculty.  He was elected as SPE Distinguished Member for the year 2004. He was inducted into the U.S. National Academy of Engineering in Washington, D.C, in 2004. He is a registered professional engineer and a member of SPE. His areas of  interest  in  teaching  and  research  include:  well bore  fluids  hydraulics,  wellbore mechanics,drill bit mechanics, drill string mechanics, and well control mechanics  in application  to vertical, directional, horizontal, multilateral, coiled tubing, under-balanced, and slim hole drilling

Dr. G.  Robello  Samuel  is  a  Senior  Technical  Advisor (Drilling) in the Drilling, Evaluation, and Digital Solutions division of Halliburton, where he has been since 1998. He has more than 18 years of experience  in  domestic  and  international  oil/gas drilling and completion operations, management, consulting and teaching. His skills include well planning, design, cost estimates, supervision of drilling and  completion  operations,  personnel and  technical  review,  project  management,  and  creative establishment of project  relationships  through partnering and

Innovation. Presently  he  is  a  technical  and  engineering  lead for  well  planning  engineering  application  suite  for  drilling, completions, and well services operations. Also he  is an adjunct professor at  the University of

Houston teaching advanced drilling and complex well architecture courses

He  has  authored  or  coauthored  more  than  50  conference  and  journal  papers.  He  has  given several graduate seminars at various universities. Dr. Samuel has been the recipient of numerous awards including the “CEO for A Day (Halliburton)” and “Top Gun (Drilling)” awards. He has also worked at Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, India from 1983 to 1992 as a drilling engineer. He is

Presently serving as a Review Chairman on  the Society of Petroleum Engineers  (SPE) Drilling and Completions Editorial Review Committee, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Journal of Energy Resources Technology and as co-chairman of SPE Multilateral Technical Interest Group. His other professional experience includes being on the 2006–2008 drilling committee of SPE.

He holds BS and MS (Mechanical Engineering) degrees from University of Madurai, Madurai and College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University (Chennai), MS and PhD (Petroleum Engineering) degrees from the University of Tulsa. He is a member of ASME and SPE

His  areas  of  research  include  wellbore  fluids  hydraulics,  tubular  design,  thermal  and  flow phenomena and their effect on  loading of wellbore tubulars, drilling and well cost optimization and downhole tool hydrodynamics

Dr. G.  Robello  Samuel  is  a  Senior  Technical  Advisor (Drilling) in the Drilling, Evaluation, and Digital Solutions division of Halliburton, where he has been since 1998. He has more than 18 years of experience  in  domestic  and  international  oil/gas drilling and completion operations, management, consulting and teaching. His skills include well planning, design, cost estimates, supervision of drilling and  completion  operations,  personnel and  technical  review,  project  management,  and  creative establishment of project  relationships  through partnering and

Innovation. Presently  he  is  a  technical  and  engineering  lead for  well  planning  engineering  application  suite  for  drilling, completions, and well services operations. Also he  is an adjunct professor at  the University of Houston teaching advanced drilling and complex well architecture courses He  has  authored  or  coauthored  more  than  50  conference  and  journal  papers.  He  has  given several graduate seminars at various universities. Dr. Samuel has been the recipient of numerous awards including the “CEO for A Day (Halliburton)” and “Top Gun (Drilling)” awards. He has also worked at Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, India from 1983 to 1992 as a drilling engineer. He is Presently serving as a Review Chairman on  the Society of Petroleum Engineers  (SPE) Drilling and Completions Editorial Review Committee, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Journal of Energy Resources Technology and as co-chairman of SPE Multilateral Technical Interest Group. His other professional experience includes being on the 2006–2008 drilling committee of SPE.He holds BS and MS (Mechanical Engineering) degrees from University of Madurai, Madurai and College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University (Chennai), MS and PhD (Petroleum Engineering) degrees from the University of Tulsa. He is a member of ASME and SPEHis  areas  of  research  include  wellbore  fluids  hydraulics,  tubular  design,  thermal  and  flow phenomena and their effect on  loading of wellbore tubulars, drilling and well cost optimization and downhole tool hydrodynamics

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Chapter 1 Rotary Drilling for Oil and Natural Gas

Introduction

The Process of Rotary Drilling

Rotary Drilling Rigs

Rig Selection

Rotary Drilling Systems

Mud System Evaluation

Rotary System

Well Control System

Data Acquisition and Monitoring System

Special Systems for Offshore Drilling

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

Chapter 2 Drilling Fluids

Characteristics of a Drilling Fluid

Drilling-Fluid Selection

Classification of Drilling Fluids

Water-Based Drilling-Mud Contaminants

Drilling-Mud Properties, Field Tests, and Control

Alkalinity (Mf, Pf, Pm, Mm, P1, P2)

Mud Rheology

Drilling-Mud Additives

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

Chapter 3 Fluid Flow and Associated Pressures in the Rotary Rig Circulating System

Introduction

Mechanical Energy and Pressure Balance

Pressure Drop across the Bit Nozzles (Jets)

Friction Pressure Losses in the Rotary Rig Circulating System

Friction Pressure Losses in Pipes and Annuli—Laminar Flow

Friction Pressure Losses in Pipes and Annuli—Turbulent Flow

Equivalent Newtonian Viscosity

Turbulent Pipe Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Turbulent Annular Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Annular Friction Pressure Losses Due to Pipe Movement

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 4 Drill Bit Hydraulics

Introduction

Pump Pressure Requirement in Rotary Drilling

Hydraulic Power Requirement

Flow Exponent (α)

Maximum Drill Bit Hydraulic Horsepower Criterion

Maximum Jet Impact Force Criterion

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 5 Transport of Drilled Cuttings

Introduction

Factors that Affect the Transport of Drilled Cuttings

Cuttings Transport in Vertical Well Drilling

Cuttings Transport in Directional Well Drilling

Empirical Correlations for Cuttings Transport in High-Angle Wells (θ > 50°)

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 6 Prevention and Control Mechanics of Well Blowouts

Introduction

Kick Causes

Kick Detection

Kick Prevention

Fundamentals of Well Control

Well Control System

Principles of Well Control

Commonly Used Well Control Methods

Non conventional Kick Situations

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 7 Directional and Horizontal Well Drilling

Directional Well Drilling

Horizontal Well Drilling

Tortuosity

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 8 Drill Bit Mechanics

Introduction

Bit Selection

Types of Drill Bits

Classification of Roller Cone Drill Bits

Drill Bit Operating Parameters

Grading of Dull Drill Bits

Classification of Drag Drill Bits

Rock Mechanics

Performance Mechanics of Drag Drill Bits

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 9 Drill String Design

Definition and Components

Design Criteria

Buckling of the Drill String

Drill String Fatigue

Dril String Vibration

BHA Design for Directional Drilling

Deviation Tools 

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 10 Drilling Problems and Solutions

Introduction

Pipe Sticking

Loss of Circulation

Hole Deviation

Drill Pipe Failures

Borehole Instability

Mud Contamination

Producing-Formation Damage

Hole Cleaning

Hydrogen Sulfide–Bearing Zones and Shallow Gas

Equipment- and Personnel-Related Problems

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 11Casing and Cementing Design

Drilling the Pay Zone: Selecting the Interval and the Initial Design

Initial Completion Design

Casing Design

Cementing

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

Chapter 12 Well Planning in Drilling Engineering

Introduction

Objectives

Information Needed for Effective Well Planning

Responsibilities of the Drilling Engineer

Considerations in Well Planning

The Drilling Program

Post-Well Analysis

Well Cost Estimation

Learning Curve

Cost Control in Well Drilling

Time Value of Money

Price Elasticity

Supplementary Problems

Nomenclature

References

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