Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II,Susan Gourvenec and David White,CRC Press,2010

این کتاب درباره سرحدهای ژئوتکنیک فراساحلی می باشد، که دارای 939 صفحه است مجموعه ای از مقالات ارسالی به دانشگاه غربی استرالیا می باشد که توسط نویسندگان جمع آوری شده است. با این عناوین

Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II,Susan Gourvenec and David White,CRC Press,2010
The titles

This file is password

Password: CE-MS MS.c Bijan Mohammadi

All text and change the color to use to download it

                                                                                                     دانلود /  Download            کلمه عبور/Password                 

1 Keynotes

A systematic approach to offshore engineering for multiple-project developments in geohazardous areas

Recommended best practice for geotechnical site characterisation of cohesive offshore sediments

Gulf of Guinea deepwater sediments: Geotechnical properties, design issues and installation experiences

Geotechnics for subsea pipelines

Axial and lateral pile design in carbonate soils

New frontiers for centrifuge modelling in offshore geotechnics

Risk and reliability on the frontier of offshore geotechnics

2 Geohazards and gas hydrates

Neotectonic deformation of northwestern Australia: Implications for oil and gas development

Deepwater Angola part I: Geohazard mitigation

Deepwater Angola part II: Geotechnical challenges

Shallow gas hazard linked to worldwide delta environments

Analysis of submarine flow slides in fine silty sand

Hydrate dissociation around oil exploration infrastructure

An investigation of past mass movement events in the West Nile Delta

Deformation of seabed due to exploitation of methane hydrate reservoir

3 In situ site characterisation and pore pressure measurement

A site investigation strategy to obtain fast-track shear strength design parameters in deep water soils

Enhancement of the ball penetrometer test with pore pressure measurements

Laboratory free falling penetrometer test into clay

Offshore sediment overpressures: Overview of mechanisms, measurement and modeling

Angolan deep water soil conditions: GIS technology development for sediment characterization

Strength measurement in very soft upper seabed sediments

CPT in polar snow – preliminary observations

Parametric study of a free-falling penetrometer in clay-like soils

The future of deep water site investigation: Seabed drilling technology?

Mini T-bar testing at shallow penetration

Piezometer installation in deep water Norwegian Sea

Luva deep water site investigation programme and findings

Investigations into novel shallow penetrometers for fine-grained soils

Seabed drilling vs surface drilling – a comparison

4 Soil characterisation and modelling

Rheological behaviour of soft clays

A three-dimensional finite element study of the direct simple shear test

Repeated loading and unloading of the seabed

A new interpretation of the simple shear test

Physical modelling of the crushing behaviour of granular materials

New evidence for the origin and behaviour of deep ocean ‘crusts’

Soil unit weight estimated from CPTu in offshore soils

Strain rate dependent simple shear behaviour of deep water sediments in offshore Angola

Simplified calibration procedure for a high-cycle accumulation model based on cyclic triaxial tests on 22 sands

Understanding cyclic loading behavior of soil for offshore applications

5 Shallow foundations

Observations of shallow skirted foundations under transient and sustained uplift

Numerical study of grillage foundations on sand under combined VHM loading

The vertical bearing capacity of grillage foundations in sand

Behaviour of skirted footings on sand overlying clay

Numerical study of piping limits for suction installation of offshore skirted foundations and anchors in layered sand

Shallow foundation performance in a calcareous sand

A numerical study of the vertical bearing capacity of skirted foundations

The effect of torsion on the sliding resistance of rectangular foundations

Foundation design challenges of the MCR-A skirted gravity platform

Constructing breakwater with prefabricated caissons on soft clay

6 Piled foundations

Simplified analysis of laterally loaded pile groups

Behavior of piles under combined lateral and axial loading

Investigations on the behavior of large diameter piles under cyclic lateral loading

BP Clair phase 1 – Pile driveability and capacity in extremely hard till

Photoelastic investigation into plugging of open ended piles

Soil-pile interaction during extrusion of an initially deformed pile

BP Clair phase 1 – Geotechnical assurance of driven piled foundations in extremely hard till

Pile driving experiences in Persian Gulf calcareous sands

FLAC3D analysis on soil moving through piles

Cyclic loading of barrettes in soft calcareous rock using Osterberg cells

Shaft capacity of drilled and grouted piles in calcareous sandstone

Numerical analysis of mudmat contribution to capacity of piled offshore platforms

Simplified numerical model for analysis of offshore piles under cyclic lateral loading

Centrifuge modelling of rapid load tests with piles in silt and sand

Field measurements on monopile Dolphins

Behaviour of driven tubular steel piles in calcarenite for a marine jetty in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

CPT-Based design method for axial capacity of offshore piles in clays

7 Foundations for renewable energy

Evaluation of pile capacity approaches with respect to piles for wind energy foundations in the North Sea

Installation of suction caissons for offshore renewable energy structures

Lateral behaviour of large diameter monopiles at Sheringham Shoal Wind Farm

Centrifuge modelling of offshore monopile foundation

Gravity based foundations for the Rødsand 2 offshore wind farm, Denmark

Geotechnics for developing offshore renewable energy in the US

Engineering issues for fixed offshore wind turbines on Lake Michigan Mid Lake Plateau, USA

Centrifuge model tests on piled footings in clay for offshore wind turbines

Design of monopile foundations in sand for offshore windfarms

Experimental evaluation of backfill in scour holes around offshore monopoles

An investigation of the use of a bearing plate to enhance the lateral capacity of monopile foundations

Optimizing site investigations and pile design for wind farms using geostatistical methods: A case study

Towards the FE prediction of permanent deformations of offshore wind power plant foundations using a high-cycle accumulation model

Cyclic accumulation effects at foundations for offshore wind turbines

Study on soil-structure interaction of suction caisson by large-scale model tests

8 Jack-up units

Simplified VH equations for foundation punch-through sand into clay

Characterisation of undrained shear strength using statistical methods

Centrifuge modelling of spudcan deep penetration in multi-layered soils

A probabilistic approach to the prediction of spudcan penetration of jack-up units

An assessment of jackup spudcan extraction

3D FE analysis of the installation process of spudcan foundations

Undrained bearing capacity of deeply embedded foundations under general loading

9 Anchoring systems

Trajectory prediction for drag embedment anchors under out of plane loading

Setup following keying of plate anchors assessed through centrifuge tests in kaolin clay

Seismically-induced displacements of a suction caisson in soft clay

SEPLA keying prediction method based on full-scale offshore tests

Set-up of suction piles in deep water Gulf of Guinea clays

Centrifuge testing of suction piles in deep water Nigeria clay – Effect of stiffeners and set-up time

Numerical FEM and laboratory study of the bearing capacity factor Nc for plate anchors

Caisson capacity in clay: VHM resistance envelope – Part 2: VHM envelope equation and design procedures

Installation and in-place assessment of drag anchors in carbonate soil

Caisson capacity in clay: VHM resistance envelope – Part 1: 3D FEM numerical study

Numerical investigation of the behaviour of suction caissons in structured clays

Cyclic moment loading of suction caissons in sand

10 Pipelines and risers

Multidirectional analysis of pipeline-soil interaction in clay

Geotechnical challenges for deep water pipeline design – SAFEBUCK JIP

Large deformation finite element analysis of vertical penetration of pipelines in seabed

Implementation of geotechnical techniques in the analysis of pipeline response

Lateral soil resistance to an untrenched pipeline under the action of ocean currents

Vertical cyclic testing of model steel catenary riser at large scale

Kupe gas project pipeline – optimisation of discrete rock berm design shore approach

Model test studies on soil restraint to pipelines buried in sand

Pipe-soil interaction on clay with a variable shear strength profile

Sweeping behaviour of shallowly-embedded pipeline during cyclic lateral movement

Advanced nonlinear hysteretic seabed model for dynamic fatigue analysis of steel catenary risers

Mobilization distance in uplift resistance modeling of pipelines

Theoretical, numerical and field studies of offshore pipeline sleeper crossings

Observations of pipe-soil response from the first deep water deployment of the SMARTPIPE®

11 Trenching, ploughing, excavation and burial

Influence of object geometry on penetration into the seabed

Investigation into the effect of forecutters on plough performance

State-of-the-art jet trenching analysis in stiff clays

Numerical modelling of soil around offshore pipeline plough shares

Anchor–chain–rock fill–soil interaction: Evolution of design methods

Development of a jet trenching model in sand

12 Design and risk

Structural factors affecting the system capacity of jacket pile foundations

The new API Recommended Practice for Geotechnical Engineering: RP 2GEO

Comparison of ISO 19901-2 and API RP 2A seismic design criteria for a site in the Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan

Animation Single buoy mooring or single point mooring with full details/انیمیشن بویه مهاری تک با جزئیات کامل

این انیمیشن طریقه نصب و راه اندازی بویه مهاری تک یا مهاری تک نقطه را جزئیات کامل نشان می دهد.

This animation single buoy mooring or single point mooring mode installation show detail.

متاسفانه اسمی که برای این سازه سازمان بنادر دریا نوردی در آیین نامه کارهای دریایی ایران و همچنین واژه نامه سازه های ساحلی معاونت برنامه ریزی و نظارت راهبری رییس جمهوری  نشریه شماره 628 انتخاب کردن به نظر دارای مشکلات است اگر من این سازه ترجمه می کنم  با تمام واژه نامه فارسی باشد اگر من اسمی را برای سازه انتخاب می کنم با توجه به کارکرد آن انتخاب می کنم نه که دور هم بشنیم مهاربند بکنم مهاری بعدش هم خود این واژه نامه را به انگلیسی ترجمه کنیم یک چیز دیگر باشد هرچند واژه یک سازه فراساحلی است.

Buoy  یعنی جسم شناور، روآبی، رهنما شناور اگر من برای این سازه اسم انتخاب می کردم  اسم فعلی نبود.

بویه مهاری تک یا مهاربند تک نقطه ای چیست؟

این سازه که در عمق های بالای 15 متری نصب می شود عمومآ برای  تخلیه و  بارگیری نفت و گاز به عنوان یک پایانه نفتی برای نفتکش ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. هدف اصلی این سازه شناور انتقال مایعات و گاز از ساحل به فراساحل می باشد . همانطور که در این انیمیشین ملاحظه خواهید کرد در کنار سکوهای نفتی از این سازه برای بارگیری استفاده می شود .

نکته مهمی که باید در طراحی زنجیر مهاری ها مورد استفاده باید قرار گیرد سازه زنجیر مهاری باید با روش مناسب به گونه ارزیابی گردد که زنجیرها قادر به نگهداری جسم شناور در محل خود به طور ایمن تحت اعمال بزرگترین بار باشد .بزرگترین بار نیروهای خارجی که در طراحی نقش مهمی دارند.  برای نیروهای خارجی ، از بین ترکیب بارهای زیر که بزرگترین نیروی کل را ارایه دهد، استفاده می گررد.

1-      نیروی عکس العمل ضربه گیر و نیروی جریان  کهکشان و مهکشان (جزر ومد)

2-      نیروی طناب مهاری کشتی و نیروی جریان کهکشان و مهکشان

3-      نیروی موج و نیروی جریان کهکشان و مهکشان

بویه مهاری از نظر سازه ای به سه دسته تقسیم می شود که شامل :

1-      وزنه ای 2-  لنگر زنجیری 3- ترکیب وزنه و لنگر زنجیری می باشد.

Mooring buoy is structurally divided into three categories which include:1Sinker type mooring buoy. 2- Anchor chain type mooring buoys. 3- Sinker and anchor chain type mooring buoys

جزئیات عمومی بویه های مهاری/Details of mooring buoy

What is  a Single buoy mooring(SBM) Or Single point mooring (SPM

A Single buoy mooring (SBM) (also known as single point mooring or SPM) is a loading buoy anchored offshore, that serves as a mooring point and interconnect for tankers loading or offloading gas or liquid products

SPMs are the link between geostatic subsea manifold connections and weathervaining tankers. They are capable of handling any size ship, even very large crude carriers (VLCC) where no alternative facility is available

Its constituent companies started their offshore activities in the early 1950s and SBM subsequently became a pioneer in single point mooring (SPM) systems. The Single Point Mooring concept originated in the 1960´s as a solution to the problem of transferring crude oil from an onshore reception facility or refinery into very large crude carriers oil tankers

The main purpose of the buoy is to transfer liquids between onshore or offshore facilities and the moored tanker

There are a number of types of facilities presently used to load or off-load tankers in open water. These include Sea Islands; spread moorings, single point mooring structures and single buoy moorings. Of these, the single buoy mooring has been most frequently installed to service today's very large tankers

The popularity of the single buoy mooring stems from the fact that it can be installed at almost any offshore location where deep water is relatively close to shore. Water depth can be selected to suit any required tanker draft. Nearly the only limitation is that the buoy must be installed a safe distance from shoal water that could constitute a danger to the tanker while mooring or unmooring

The submarine pipeline and single buoy mooring system, shown schematically in Figure 1, consist of a submarine pipeline from the onshore tank farm, a bottom manifold at the end of the submarine pipeline, underbody hose connecting the bottom manifold with the buoy, the buoy itself, and one or more strings of floating hose between the buoy and the tanker. When moored to the buoy, the tanker can rotate or weathervane to minimize the combined force of wind, wave and current

The submarine pipeline and single buoy mooring system was first put into use in 1959. Since that time there has been a continuous increase in the number of single buoy mooring installations around the world. (Figure 2

این آمارها برای سال 1970 می باشد/ The statistics is for 1970

Recent tabulations show a total of 46 installations located in 23 different countries (Figure 3

Most of the installations put into service since 1965 have been designed for 100,000 dwt tankers or larger. Early next year a buoy designed to service 350,000 dwt tankers will be commissioned

During the decade that the single buoy moorings have been in use there have been only a few relatively small oil spills associated with their operation. Because of the increasing popularity of the submarine pipeline and single buoy mooring system and its use for ever large tankers, it is extremely important that designs be adequate and operation be carefully controlled

یک نگاه به کاربرد بویه مهاری تک که در منطقه خلیج فارس قرارداد.

Use single buoy mooring contract in the Persian Gulf region

Major Saudi Arabian Offshore Oil Fields. Oil export terminals are indicated with reddish dots

The largest oil exporting terminal in the world is located on the Ras Tanura peninsula and is capable of loading over 5 million barrels of oil per day onto tankers moored on one of two T-shaped terminals (small vessels only) or on one of a cluster of four Sea Islands located offshore in deeper water. The limit for tankers berthed at the Sea Islands is 550,000 dwt (dead-weight tons

The Al Juaymah Offshore Terminal is located to the northwest of Ras Tanura, just east of the Qatif oil field as shown below. The Qatif field lies both on and off shore, with several offshore platforms positioned to drill and maintain offshore wells. Oil is loaded onto tankers from Single Point Moorings (SPMs) anchored in deeper water such that larger ships can be handled (up to 700,000 dwt). It has been in operation since 1974. The Al Juaymah complex also includes a pier from which liquified natural gas (LNG) is loaded onto ships

Oil is similarly delivered from shore in underwater pipeline to a platform, distributed to the SPMs and then transferred to the tanker via large flexible hoses connecting them to the SPM. There are six SPMs at Al Juaymah, which can theoretically output six million barrels per day and has been in operation as early as the 1970s. In a 2005 Google Earth satellite image, I can only find two SPMs, although others might be present in low resolution images

Shown below is a close up of the darker tanker from above receiving oil. There are two "hoses" attached to this tanker, whereas there are three attached to the other. I haven't found anything recent on loading rates, although SPE 4013-MS suggests that each (in the late 1970s) was designed for a flow of at 130,000 barrels per hour but averaged only half that in practice